Working with a Medical Interpreter
- Communication Barriers
- Complex Jargon
Editorial information
Supporting research and practice sources are identified in the article. The publication date is not an evidence-review date; clinical reviewers and review dates will be credited only when documented.
A practical guide to more accurate and respectful interpreted healthcare conversations: qualified language support, patient-centred speaking, privacy and checks of understanding.
A language difference can change how much a patient can explain, understand and participate in care. Good interpretation is not simply repeating words in another language: it helps preserve accuracy, intent and the patient's place in the conversation.
Before the visit
Ask which spoken or signed language the patient prefers, which language they prefer for written instructions, and whether they need a qualified interpreter. Arrange this in advance when possible; telephone or video interpretation can help when in-person support is unavailable.
A person who speaks two languages is not automatically qualified to interpret medical information. Do not use children as interpreters. Do not rely on untrained staff or friends to convey clinical information. If a patient asks for an adult relative to help, respect the patient's preferences and privacy while arranging a qualified interpreter to protect accuracy; follow local rules and institutional policy. Qualified interpretation should be the default.
During the conversation
Speak to the patient, not about them. Use "What concerns you most?" rather than asking the interpreter "What does she want?"
Use short segments and ordinary language. Pause for interpretation. Avoid unexplained acronyms, idioms and multiple questions bundled into one.
Respect privacy and autonomy. Explain who is present and why. Do not assume a family member should interpret merely because they accompany the patient.
Allow the interpreter to raise a clarification. If a term has no simple equivalent, ask the interpreter to signal that rather than guessing.
Check understanding
Do not equate nodding or a yes response with comprehension. Ask the patient, through the interpreter, to describe the agreed next step in their own words. Frame this as a check of your explanation, not a test.
Provide translated or accessible written materials when available and ensure follow-up communication is also accessible.
What this guidance is based on
AHRQ and the U.S. National CLAS Standards recommend qualified language assistance. Legal requirements differ by country and care setting; this educational guide does not replace local law or institutional policy.
Evidence and further reading
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